We study the relationship between virtual double categories and fibrations, or (hyper)doctrines, in the context of categorical logic. We present a construction that produces a virtual double category of relations internal to a fibration with finite products. We characterize the class of fibrations called elementary existential fibrations, a fibrational counterpart of regular logic, as those for which the induced virtual double category is a cartesian equipment. We also show that cartesian equipments arising in this manner are exactly those that satisfy the Frobenius axiom studied by Walters and Wood in the context of cartesian bicategories. Some logical principles, such as the comprehension axiom for predicates and the extensional equality predicate, are characterized as properties of the double categorical structure.